Disruption management in flight gate scheduling

Due to the rapid growth of air transport traffic, how to efficiently allocate gates at airports to incoming or outgoing flights has become one of the most important problems which managers of airlines and airports have to concern about. The problem, which can be modeled as a scheduling problem, is often referred to as flight gate scheduling. The main purpose of flight gate scheduling is to find an assignment of flights, i.e. the aircraft serving a flight, to aircraft stands, as well as start and completion times for processing an aircraft at the position it has been assigned to. Flight-togate assignments not only affect an airport’s operating efficiency but also its level